POLICY OF THE EUROPEAN UNION

The birth of the European Community, set out the next day of the second world war by organizations of economic, financial and cultural cooperation, has known a process of direct widening toward new Countries in these years and, at the same time, a process of deepening in economic, monetary and social field. Everything has been possible thanks to the so-called Common Policies.
The realization of the Internal Market, in the 1993, has determined the strengthening and the development of such Common Policies for a better Economic and Social Cohesion of the European Union. Such perspectives are increased even more by the Economic and Monetary Union. The objective of the Economic and Social Cohesion, thanks to the use of the Common Policies, is to promote a harmonic development of the European Union and, particularly, to reduce the existing gap among the regions.

The Single European Act dedicates a whole Chapter to the Research and Development in which two fundamental objectives are indicated:

• to strengthen the scientific and technological bases of the European industry and develop the international competitiveness

• to support the Enterprises, the Centers of Research and the Universities in the cooperation.
  

To such aims come adopted three types of actions:

• Direct, that is to say those financed by the Community and developed in the Research Common Center -RCC-

• Coordinates, that is to say those financed and managed directly by the States while the European Union puts on disposition the services of Secretariat and of Coordination

• Indirect, that is those financed with community contributions and managed by laboratories or public or private enterprises of at least two Countries
  

In the Treaty of Rome there are already elements that affirm a Social Policy. For this, in fact, it was constituted the European Social Fund -ESF-
With the Single European Act comes strengthened the endowment of the Structural Funds that work by this way togheter with the European Social Fund.
The Social Document of the 1989 on the Fundamental Rights of the Workers has revealed an other important step.
In the Summit of Maastricht has been adduced a specific Protocol in which different points were mentioned, among which: the promotion of the occupation, the amelioration of the conditions of life and of job, an adequate social promotion, promotion of the social dialogue, development of the human resources in order to reach an occupational elevated and durable level

The regional disparities are a datum of fact and concern different aspects as the density of the population, the demografic structure, the occupation, the GNP pro-capite, the Income pro-capite
The elimination of the regional unbalances inside the Community has been regulated, in a generic way, by the Treaty of Rome at the Art. 2
In 1975 the European Fund of Regional Development has stayed founded -EFRD- in order to attenuate the existing unbalances
In the Single European Act and in the Maastricht Treaty the Regional Policy stays, however, an appendix of the Economic and Social Cohesion

The importance of a Policy of the Enterprises is tightly connected to the relaunching of the growth, of the competitiveness and of the employment, as it has been exposed in the White Book of J. Delors
The Policy of Enterprise concerns 16 million of Small and Medium Enterprises of the European Union that represent almost the 66% of the general employment and the 65% of the business of the Union
March 20, 1996 the European Commission has proposed a new Action Program, in favor of the Small and Medium Enterprises, of 180 million of ECU for the period 1997-2000. This Program has a double objective: to help from a financially point of view the SMEs facilitating their access to the financing and to help them to undertake a new path of internationalisation

A great part of the Community Policies have a cultural dimension or repercussions in some ambits of this Policy. This is one of the principal convictions of the European Commission concerning Culture. The importance of the Cultural Action herein asserted confirms the importance of the Culture as instrument that promotes the European identity
In the Maastricht Treaty it is dedicated for the first time a Title to the Culture in which it is clearly esposed that the Community contributes to the development of the Cultures of the Members States and of the whole Europe valorizing the cultural common background thanks to:

• the improvement of the knowledge and of the diffusion of the culture and of the history of the people

• the maintenance and the safeguard of the cultural heritage

• the incentive of cultural exchanges

• the protection of the artistic, literary and audiovisual creation
  

Through a Common Policy of Education and Professional Training, the Community aims to:

• develop the European dimension of the education

• favor the mobility of students and teachers and the recognition of the titles of study

• promote the cooperation between institutes of teaching

• encourage the distance learning

For what concerns, instead, the sector of the professional training we have to remember that this is considered as the principal instrument in order to fight the plague of the unemployment that strikes around 18 million of people in the Union. In this ambit the Actions are addressed to:

• better the professional initial and continuous training

• facilitate the conforming to the industrial conversions

• facilitate the access to the professional training

• encourage the cooperation among institutes of teaching
  

1. In this phase it must be reached an elevated degree of convergence and the strengthening of the community policies

2. This phase, to be concretised after 1994, fixes the birth of the European Monetary Institute -EMI- and it is necessary that respects such requisites:
   · Inflation not superior than 1.5% of the average of the three States with the lowest rates
   · Public Debt not superior than 60% of the GNP
   · Public Deficit not superior than 3% of the GNP
   · Stable exchange rates
   · Interests rates not superior than 2% of the average of the three States with the lowest rates

3. from 1999, or before if within 1997 the majority of the States will fulfill the requisites, the path toward the EMU will be irreversible and Central Banks will cede their competences to the so-called European System of Central Banks -ESCB-. The use of a new coin, the EURO, will begin in the whole Community.

Forum Internazionale support high tech projects to find venture capital

Forum Internazionale offer this material only as information, and the readers are requested to go deep into page's contents by the support of Forum Internazionale.

This is a page of the site:www.ForumInternazionale.org

For further information, please contact
e-mail: International Forum Internazionale